Pitchfork Media

Pitchfork Media

URL	www.pitchfork.com
Type of site	Music webzine
Registration	No
Owner	Ryan Schreiber
Created by	Ryan Schreiber
Launched	1995
Current status	Active

Pitchfork Media, usually known simply as Pitchfork or P4k, is a Chicago-based daily Internet publication devoted to music criticism and commentary, music news, and artist interviews. Its focus is on independent music,^[1] especially indie rock. However, the range of musical genres covered extends to electronic, pop, hip hop, dance, folk, jazz, metal, and experimental music.

The site, which was established in 1995, concentrates on new music, but Pitchfork journalists also review reissued albums and box sets. The site has published "best-of" lists–such as the best albums of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, and the best songs of the 1960s and 2000s–as well as annual features detailing the best singles and albums of each year since 1999.

History

A previous Pitchfork logo

Pitchfork was created in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1995 by Ryan Schreiber,^[2] then just out of high school. Influenced by local fanzines and college radio station KUOM, Schreiber, who had no previous writing experience, aimed to provide the Internet with a regularly updated resource for independent music. At first bearing the name Turntable, the site was originally updated monthly with interviews and reviews. In May 1996, the site moved to the domain PitchforkMedia.com, began publishing daily, and was renamed "Pitchfork", a reference to Tony Montana's tattoo in the 1983 film Scarface.^[3]

In early 1999, Schreiber uprooted Pitchfork from its Minneapolis base and relocated to Chicago, Illinois. By then, the site had expanded to four full-length album reviews daily, as well as sporadic interviews, features, and columns. It had also begun garnering a following for both its extensive coverage of underground music and its writing style, which was often unhindered by the conventions of print journalism. In October of that year, the site added a daily music news section. Early 2009 saw a complete renovation of the website's layout and a move to a new domain, Pitchfork.com.

In 2008, the book The Pitchfork 500: Our Guide to the Greatest Songs from Punk to the Present–edited and compiled by the Pitchfork staff and freelance writers–was released.

Influence

Some publications have cited Pitchfork in having played a part in "breaking" artists such as Arcade Fire, Broken Social Scene, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, and Modest Mouse.^[4]

Conversely, Pitchfork has also been seen as being a negative influence on some indie artists. As suggested in a Washington Post article in April 2006, Pitchfork's reviews can have a significant influence on an album's popularity, especially if it had previously only been available to a limited audience or had been released on an independent record label. A dismissive 0.0 review of former Dismemberment Plan vocalist Travis Morrison's debut solo album Travistan led to a large sales drop and a virtual college radio blacklist. On the other hand, as one Washington Post reporter wrote, "an endorsement from Pitchfork – which dispenses its approval one-tenth of a point at a time, up to a maximum of 10 points – is very valuable, indeed."^[3]

Examples

• Arcade Fire is among the bands most commonly cited to have benefited from a Pitchfork review. In a 2005 Chicago Tribune article, a Merge Records employee stated, "After the Pitchfork review, Funeral went out of print for about a week because we got so many orders for the record."^[5]
• Clap Your Hands Say Yeah member Lee Sargent has discussed the impact of Pitchfork's influence on their album, saying, "The thing about a publication like Pitchfork is that they can decide when that happens. You know what I mean? They can say, 'We're going to speed up the process and this is going to happen...now!' And it was a kick in the pants for us, because we lost control of everything."^[6]
• Wired magazine has attributed the success of indie rock band Broken Social Scene to editor-in-chief Ryan Schreiber's hype-generating review of the band. Frontman Kevin Drew said that, following the review, "Everyone was coming up to us, saying, 'We heard about you from Pitchfork.' It basically opened the door for us. It gave us an audience", and that the band "suddenly found [themselves] selling out venues."^[7]

Criticism

One common complaint is that the site's journalism suffers from a narrow view of independent music, favoring lo-fi and often obscure indie rock and giving only cursory treatment to other genres.^[8] Some critics have accused the site of rating albums from particular music scenes or artists more favorably in order to bolster its influence when the music becomes popular.^[9]

The majority of criticism, however, is aimed at the site's album reviewing style, since emphasis is often placed on the reviewer's own writing and personal biases over the actual music being reviewed. Pitchfork is also known to give "0.0" ratings, deeming the work utterly worthless. One critic wrote that Pitchfork's "0.0" rating of a particular album amounts to no more than a "cheap publicity stunt" for a website that "thrives on controversy."^[10]

Parodies

• When Pitchfork asked comedian David Cross to compile a list of his favorite albums, he instead provided them with a list of "Albums to Listen to While Reading Overwrought Pitchfork Reviews". In it, he satirically piled over-the-top praise on fictional indie rock records, mocking Pitchfork Media's reviewing style.^[11]
• In 2004, comedy website Something Awful created a parody of Pitchfork's front page. Entitled "RichDork Media", the page makes reference to nonexistent, obscure-sounding indie-rock bands in its reviews, news headlines and advertisements. The rating system measures music on its proximity to the band Radiohead.^[12] A similar, more light-hearted parody was created by Sub Pop.
• On September 10, 2007, the satirical newspaper The Onion published a story in which Pitchfork Media founder and editor Ryan Schreiber reviews music as a whole, giving it a 6.8 out of 10.^[13]
• In Jeffrey Lewis' suicide-themed song entitled "So What?", after describing a failed jump from a bridge, he jokingly sings, "A large garbage barge comes and drops twenty tons of toxic waste on my face/And as I sink from the sun to whatever’s to come/My last sight is the bums who all change their signs into twos, threes, and ones/And after this discourse there’s a 3.6, of course it must be Pitchfork."
• On August 12, 2009, the pop culture website PopSense satirically reviewed an entire day's worth of Pitchfork content in the style of a Pitchfork review.^[14][15][16]

Leaked music

In August 2006, a directory on Pitchfork's servers containing over 300 albums was compromised. A web surfer managed to discover and download the collection, which included The Decemberists' The Crane Wife and TV on the Radio's Return to Cookie Mountain, both of which had previously leaked to peer-to-peer networks. Allegedly, one of the albums on the server, Joanna Newsom's Ys, had not been available previously on file-sharing networks.^[17]

Deleted Reviews

Pitchfork has been criticized for deleting older reviews from their archive in an effort to keep up with the changing trends in indie music. One such example is the 9.5 review written for Save Ferris' album, "It Means Everything."^[18]

Misinformation

Pitchfork has been criticized directly by artists for misrepresentation, most famously in 2007 by the artist M.I.A. for what they later described as "perpetuating the male-led ingenue myth" with regards to her work.^[19][20] Some have argued this is not isolated to Pitchforkmedia in the music press, while this incident was later cited and similarly condemned by the artist Bjork.^[21]

Music festivals

Pitchfork Music Festival logo.

Intonation Music Festival

In 2005, Pitchfork curated the Intonation Music Festival, attracting approximately 15,000 attendees to Chicago's Union Park for a two-day bill featuring performances by 25 acts, including Broken Social Scene, The Decemberists, The Go! Team, and a rare appearance by Les Savy Fav.

Pitchfork Music Festival

On July 29 and 30, 2006, the publication premiered its own Pitchfork Music Festival in Union Park, Chicago. The event attracted over 18,000 attendees per day. More than 40 bands performed at the inaugural festival, including Spoon and Yo La Tengo, as well as a rare headlining set by reunited Tropicália band Os Mutantes.^[22]

The festival has been held every year since, and has featured artists such as Animal Collective, Fleet Foxes, Bon Iver, The National, The Hold Steady, !!!, Spoon, Ghostface Killah, Dinosaur Jr., Cat Power, Spiritualized, Mastodon, Yoko Ono, Stephen Malkmus, Vampire Weekend, De La Soul, Yo La Tengo, The New Pornographers, Of Montreal, Band of Horses, M. Ward, Iron and Wine, The Mountain Goats, Clipse, Girl Talk, Grizzly Bear, No Age, Ted Leo, Les Savy Fav, Devendra Banhart, Liars, and Deerhunter.

The 2009 festival, which took place in July, featured Built to Spill, The Jesus Lizard, Yo La Tengo, and Tortoise performing setlists voted on by attendees, as well as performances by The Flaming Lips, The National, Grizzly Bear, M83, The Walkmen, Yeasayer, Blitzen Trapper, The Black Lips, The Pains of Being Pure at Heart, Matt and Kim, and Pharoahe Monch.

All Tomorrow's Parties

In 2007, the Pitchfork Music Festival was expanded to three days (Friday, July 13 – Sunday, July 15), with the first day being a collaboration between Pitchfork and the UK-based production company All Tomorrow's Parties as part of the latter's "Don't Look Back" concert series, in which artists performed the content of albums in their entirety. Performers that evening included Sonic Youth playing Daydream Nation, Slint playing Spiderland, and GZA/Genius playing Liquid Swords. The collaboration continued in 2008, with Public Enemy, Sebadoh, and Mission of Burma.

Pitchfork also collaborated with All Tomorrow's Parties to co-curate the ATP vs Pitchfork festival in Camber Sands, UK.

Rating system

Pitchfork's music reviews use two different rating systems:

• Album reviews are given a rating out of 10.0, specific to one decimal point.^[23] In addition, certain notable albums are rewarded with a label of "Best New Music" or "Best New Reissue".
• Individual track reviews were formerly ranked from 1 to 5 stars, but on January 15, 2007, the site introduced a new system called "Forkcast". In it, instead of assigning tracks a particular rating, reviewers labeled them: "New Music"; "Old Music"; "Video"; "Advanced Music"; "Rising"; "WTF"; their most favorably regarded songs, "On Repeat"; and for the least favored songs, "Delete". On March 12, 2009, Pitchfork switched back to an older system, rating songs in a range between 1 and 10 points. Since that time, Pitchfork has stopped using a numbered rating system for individual songs and has introduced a feature known as "Best New Tracks" which consists of a selection of notable recent songs.

Albums rated 10.0

Initial release:

• ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead – Source Tags & Codes^[24]
• 12 Rods - Gay? (EP)
• Bonnie 'Prince' Billy – I See a Darkness
• Bob Dylan – The Bootleg Series Vol. 4: Bob Dylan Live 1966, The "Royal Albert Hall" Concert
• The Flaming Lips – The Soft Bulletin
• Robert Pollard – Relaxation of the Asshole (In the review, this album theoretically received both a 10.0 and 0.0 rating)^[25]
• Radiohead – Kid A^[26] & OK Computer
• Amon Tobin – Bricolage
• Walt Mink – El Producto
• Wilco – Yankee Hotel Foxtrot^[27]

Re-release and compilations:

• Beastie Boys - Paul's Boutique
• The Beatles - Abbey Road, The Beatles, Magical Mystery Tour, Revolver, Rubber Soul & Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
• Boards of Canada – Music has the Right to Children
• Glenn Branca – The Ascension
• James Brown – Live at the Apollo
• The Clash – The Essential Clash & London Calling
• John Coltrane – The Olatunji Concert: The Last Live Recording
• Elvis Costello – This Year's Model
• The Cure - Disintegration
• Miles Davis – Kind of Blue & Sketches of Spain
• DJ Shadow – Endtroducing
• The Fall – This Nation's Saving Grace
• Serge Gainsbourg - Histoire de Melody Nelson
• Galaxie 500 - On Fire
• Joy Division – Closer & Joy Division – Unknown Pleasures
• Kiss – Alive!
• Neutral Milk Hotel – In the Aeroplane Over the Sea
• Pavement – Slanted and Enchanted,^[28] Crooked Rain, Crooked Rain^[29] & Quarantine the Past: The Best of Pavement^[30]
• Pink Floyd – Animals
• R.E.M. - Murmur & Reckoning
• Radiohead - The Bends, OK Computer & Kid A
• Otis Redding - Otis Blue
• The Replacements - Let It Be
• The Rolling Stones - Exile On Main St.
• Sonic Youth – Daydream Nation
• Spiritualized - Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space
• Bruce Springsteen – Born to Run
• The Stone Roses - The Stone Roses
• Television – Marquee Moon
• The Velvet Underground – Loaded
• Wire – Pink Flag & Chairs Missing
• XTC – English Settlement
• Various Artists – No Thanks!: The 70s Punk Rebellion

Pitchfork.tv

On April 7, 2008, Pitchfork Media launched Pitchfork.tv, a website displaying videos and original content related to independent music acts. On March 12, 2009, Pitchfork.tv was incorporated into Pitchfork's new domain, Pitchfork.com.

See also

• Internet Underground Music Archive
• The Hype Machine

References

External links

Pitchfork sites

• Official website
• Pitchfork Music Festival

Other links

• Giving Indie Acts A Plug, or Pulling It (The Washington Post, 30 April 2006).
• Pitchfork e-zine tells indie fans what's hot and what's not (Chicago Tribune reprint, published 8 May 2005).
• The Pitchfork Effect (City Pages, 14 June 2006).
• Interview with Ryan Schreiber (The Chicagoist, 10 March 2006)
• The Joanna Newsom Leak